If taken literally, the statement that Israel has paid double (kiplayim) for all its sins could raise serious questions about the evenhanded and equitable administration of justice by God. Commentators have therefore preferred to understand it as a technical legal or economic term, either in the sense that Jerusalem has paid the due amount together with interest accruing (cf. Exod 22:3[4] šnayim, “twofold”), or the equivalent amount, as in Deut 15:18 (von Rad) or, in a more general sense, superabundantly